Breast Cancer Treatment By Stage
Medically reviewed by: Dr. Jay R. Anam
Topics covered in this Article:

There are 5 stages of breast cancer, the treatment for each of the stage is different.
In some stages, a simple lumpectomy can remove the cancerous tissue while in some cases, a patient needs chemotherapy.
Doctors use different methods like mammogram, MRI, USG etc. to identify the stage of breast cancer. Depending on that stage, treatment begins.
Some patients go for breast-conserving techniques while some go for surgery. It is the oncologist who will determine which stage the cancer is in.
The stage of breast cancer depends on the size of the tumor, whether it has spread to other body parts and the number of lymph nodes it has affected and the receptor status.
Stage 0 breast cancer treatment
The first stage is called the DCIS stage, or LCIS or with Paget’s disease, where the cancer is non-invasive, i.e they have not breached the basement membrane.
This is a pre-cancerous condition. Immediate treatment in this stage prevents obvious cancer.
- Lumpectomy ( read as wide excision of lump with safe margins) is done to remove the cancerous cells.
- Mastectomy ( read as removal of the entire breast) can be done to remove the breasts. Whenever mastectomy is done we should also do a sentinel node biopsy to identify any spread of tumor in the axillary nodes.
- Radiation therapy after the lumpectomy lowers the risk of the spread and it is done 5 days per week for 5-7 weeks.
- Targeted hormone treatment or oral hormone-like tamoxifen, etc.
Stage 1 breast cancer treatment
Stage 1A and 1B are the early stages of invasive cancers where the tumour is about 2cm and axillary lymph nodes are not affected.
To treat this cancer following treatments can be done:
- Lumpectomy or Mastectomy. We need to stage the axilla, to see if any disease has spread to it. Sentinel node biopsy is the best tool available.
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy for hormone-negative breast cancers depends on the merits of the disease and the patient age.
- Hormonal treatment for hormone receptor-positive tumors
- Targeted therapy in the form of trastuzumab can be given in a post-operative setting.
Related Read : Is Stage 1 Breast Cancer Curable?
Stage 2 breast cancer treatment
In stage 2A and 2B, the tumour is 2-5 cm and has spread to nearby lymph nodes or 5 cm and hasn’t spread to lymph nodes. This stage requires a combined treatment of two or more therapies.
- Lumpectomy or mastectomy along with surgery of the axilla when obvious metastatic nodes are present.
- Chemotherapy using a variety of drugs like docetaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide etc.
- Targeted therapies like herceptin for HER 2 neu receptor positive tumors
- Radiation therapy is indicated in all cases of lumpectomy and in those cases of mastectomy where the tumor was more than 5 cms or if any axillary node was positive.
Related Read : Is Stage 2 Breast Cancer Curable?
Stage 3 breast cancer treatment
Stage 3 consists of three stages of breast cancer within it namely 3A, 3B and 3C.
In this stage, the tumours are large and have started growing into the internal mammary lymph nodes and in some cases, cancer has even spread across the chest bone, collar bone and internal mammary nodes.
- Mastectomy
- Effective and prolonged chemotherapy and hormone therapy.
- In suitable cases, we give chemotherapy or targeted therapy before surgery so as to reduce the tumour size and conserve the breast.
Stage 4 breast cancer treatment
This is by far the last stage of recognising breast cancer. If breast cancer has reached the stage 4, cancer has already spread to several parts of the body- Metastasized.
- A systematic drug therapy involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormone therapy.
- Immunotherapy
- Patients with HER2 positive cancers who no longer respond to traditional drugs might certain drugs live Pertuzumab, Ado-trastuzumab etc. along with chemotherapy.
- Surgery in the form of mastectomy is only done in palliative settings.
In all stages of breast cancer whenever lumpectomy is done – plastic surgery in the form of oncoplasty should be done which tries to restore the breast contour and symmetry.
Even in cases where mastectomy is done, whole breast reconstruction can be done by implants or else free flaps using the patient’s own body.
The aim of these procedures is to give the lady a positive self-body image, self-esteem and a right to live with dignity.
For advice regarding breast cancer treatment, you can talk to Dr. Jay Anam. He offers comprehensive treatment for all types and stages of breast cancer with the latest medical equipment. The best breast cancer doctor in Mumbai with over a decade of experience.
If you need second opinion
Please feel free to call
What are the survival rates for breast cancer treatments?
The overall 5-year survival rate in breast cancer for all stages combined is 90%. This means even after getting diagnosed with breast cancer 90 out of 100 women are alive and kicking. The 10 year survival rate is a good 84%.
- 100% in stage 0
- 99% if breast cancer is localized, has not spread to axilla
- 86% if it has spread to the axilla also
- 29 % in stage 4 also called as metastatic
Emerging treatments
Immunotherapy is one of the emerging treatments for breast cancer. Few drugs have been approved by the FDA, it is still thought to be promising. Several independent clinical and preclinical studies are underway.
It is the oncologist who will first determine the stage of breast cancer and then suggest treatments. Patients must not lose hope and fight till the end. Breast Cancer has a very good prognosis and survival.
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About Author
Dr. Jay Rashmi Anam
Surgical Oncologists
15+
Year Of Experience
MMC- 2006031309 (2006)
Dr. Jay Anam is one of the best surgical oncologists & breast cancer specialist in Mumbai.
Dr. Jay Anam has Completed his M.Ch. Surgical Oncology training from Tata Memorial Centre. He did his Fellowship in Breast Oncology from Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France.
As a breast cancer specialist, he believes in world-class cancer care for all patients.
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Facing breast cancer surgery is a brave step, and we know the recovery process may feel overwhelming at times. One aspect of recovery many patients encounter is managing surgical drains.
While these medical devices play a crucial role in your healing, they can be intimidating at first. But don’t worry. With the right knowledge and tools, you can manage them confidently and focus on feeling better.
This guide is here to walk patients and caregivers through every step of drain care—from the basics to troubleshooting to emotional support. By the end, you'll feel prepared to tackle this part of your recovery with ease.

Author

Dr. Jay Anam
Breast Cancer Surgeon and Oncoplasty specialist in Mumbai
Introduction
Why are surgical drains important after breast cancer surgery? These small, plastic tubes help remove excess fluids that can build up in your body as you heal. Getting rid of this fluid reduces swelling, prevents complications like infections, and helps your body recover faster.
We’ll cover everything you need to know, including how to empty and clean your drains, spot signs of infection, manage discomfort, and return to daily life with confidence.
Understanding Surgical Drains
To start, it’s helpful to understand what surgical drains are and why they’re used.
What Are Surgical Drains and Why Are They Necessary?
After surgery, your body produces fluid as part of its natural healing process. Sometimes, this fluid needs help draining so it won’t pool under the skin. That's where surgical drains come in.
Types of Drains
There are a few kinds of surgical drains commonly used:
- Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain – Often shaped like a small bulb, this popular option collects fluid that you can measure and empty.
- Hemovac drain – A slightly larger round container, often used for higher drainage needs.
Your surgeon will determine the best type for you based on your surgery.
How Long Will They Stay in Place?
The timeline varies. Most patients have their drains for 7 to 14 days, but it depends on how much fluid they produce. Don’t worry; your doctor will remove them once output slows down.
Step-by-Step Drain Care Guide
Drain care is manageable if broken down into steps. Let's cover the essentials.
How to Empty the Drain Properly
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap before touching the drain.
- Unplug the bulb or container, holding it upright.
- Carefully pour the fluid into a measuring cup.
- Record the amount and time in a log to share with your doctor.
- Squeeze the bulb to reset the suction before plugging it back in.
💡 Tip: Empty the drains 2-3 times a day, or whenever they’re about half full.
Cleaning & Infection Prevention
- Gently clean around the drain site with soap and water or antibacterial wipes. Avoid tugging or rubbing the area.
- Watch for signs of infection, such as:
- Redness or swelling around the site
- Fever above 100.4°F
- Foul odor or colored drainage
If you notice these, call your doctor.
Best Sleeping Positions
Finding a comfortable position can be tricky. Try:
- Sleeping on your back with pillows under your arms for support.
- If you’re a side sleeper, place a small cushion around the drains for padding and avoid putting pressure on them.
💡 Tip: A drain-friendly post-surgery pillow with built-in pockets can make rest easier.
Showering & Hygiene Tips
Ask your surgeon if showers are allowed. If so:
- Cover your drains with a waterproof dressing or use a surgical drain belt.
- Limit water exposure to avoid infections.
If showering isn’t an option, stick to sponge baths until your doctor gives the green light.
Recognizing and Managing Complications
Sometimes, issues arise. Here’s what to keep an eye on:
When to Call Your Doctor
- Drainage suddenly increases or stops altogether
- Severe pain or swelling
- Fever or signs of infection
Dealing with a Clogged Drain
A frequent issue is a clogged drain. If you notice reduced suction:
- Milk the tube by gently squeezing it to dislodge the blockage.
- If this doesn’t help, notify your healthcare provider promptly.
Signs of Seroma (Fluid Buildup)
Once drains are removed, some patients develop a seroma. Symptoms include swelling, tenderness, or a feeling of liquid under the skin. While many seromas go away on their own, consult your doctor for advice.
Pain & Discomfort Management
-
Pain is part of recovery, but you don’t have to suffer unnecessarily.
Medication vs. Non-Drug Relief
- Use prescribed painkillers as directed.
- Non-medical options, like a cold compress or heating pad (with your doctor’s approval), can help with aches and stiffness.
Gentle Exercises
Simple arm stretches or shoulder rolls can prevent tightness, but avoid anything strenuous. A physical therapist can provide guidance.
Relaxation Techniques
Practice deep breathing or try mindfulness exercises to cope with discomfort.
Diet & Nutrition for Faster Healing
Fueling your body helps tissues heal faster. Focus on:
- Protein-rich foods, like lean meats, tofu, beans, and eggs.
- Anti-inflammatory options, like berries, leafy greens, and nuts.
- Drink plenty of water every day.
- Consider supplements, like zinc or vitamin C, but check with your doctor first.
Physical Activity & Movement Guidelines
Movement helps, but balance is key:
- Begin with light stretches or short walks to prevent stiffness.
- Avoid lifting anything heavier than a few pounds in the first week.
- Your doctor will guide you on when you can resume driving or house chores.
💡 Tip: Use a supportive bra to minimize any strain during recovery.
Emotional & Psychological Support
Caring for drains can feel isolating. It’s okay to have mixed emotions.
Coping with Anxiety
Deep breathing, journaling, or talking to a friend can help manage stress.
Find Support Groups
Connect with others who’ve been in your shoes. Online breast cancer recovery forums or local groups can make you feel less alone.
Mental Health Resources
Don’t hesitate to reach out to a counselor or therapist to process emotions during your recovery.
Emotional & Psychological Support
Caring for drains can feel isolating. It’s okay to have mixed emotions.
Coping with Anxiety
Deep breathing, journaling, or talking to a friend can help manage stress.
Find Support Groups
Connect with others who’ve been in your shoes. Online breast cancer recovery forums or local groups can make you feel less alone.
Mental Health Resources
Don’t hesitate to reach out to a counselor or therapist to process emotions during your recovery.